Mohamed Sulthan Ismiya Begum and Ismail Fathima Faneeka 2026. Parental Challenges in Child Rearing within Islamic Guidance: A Descriptive Study. Al-Fadlan: Journal of Islamic Education and Teaching. 4, 1 (Jul. 2026), 139–158. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61166/fadlan.v4i1.146.